General
Property | Temperature | Value |
---|---|---|
Density | 23.0 °C | 8.14 g/cm³ Show Supplier Material materials with Density of 8.14 g/cm³ |
Mechanical
Property | Temperature | Value |
---|---|---|
Elastic modulus | 20.0 °C | 195 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 195 GPa |
100.0 °C | 190 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 190 GPa | |
200.0 °C | 185 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 185 GPa | |
300.0 °C | 179 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 179 GPa | |
400.0 °C | 174 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 174 GPa | |
500.0 °C | 168 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 168 GPa | |
600.0 °C | 161 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 161 GPa | |
700.0 °C | 154 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 154 GPa | |
800.0 °C | 142 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 142 GPa | |
900.0 °C | 130 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 130 GPa | |
1000.0 °C | 119 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 119 GPa | |
Elongation | 23.0 °C | 30 % Show Supplier Material materials with Elongation of 30 % |
Impact strength, Charpy notched | 23.0 °C | 1500 kJ/m² Show Supplier Material materials with Impact strength, Charpy notched of 1500 kJ/m² |
Tensile strength | 20.0 °C | 585 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 585 MPa |
100.0 °C | 530 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 530 MPa | |
150.0 °C | 525 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 525 MPa | |
200.0 °C | 515 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 515 MPa | |
250.0 °C | 510 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 510 MPa | |
300.0 °C | 500 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 500 MPa | |
350.0 °C | 495 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 495 MPa | |
400.0 °C | 490 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 490 MPa | |
450.0 °C | 485 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 485 MPa | |
Yield strength Rp0.2 | 20.0 °C | 240 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 240 MPa |
100.0 °C | 205 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 205 MPa | |
150.0 °C | 190 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 190 MPa | |
200.0 °C | 180 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 180 MPa | |
250.0 °C | 175 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 175 MPa | |
300.0 °C | 170 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 170 MPa | |
350.0 °C | 165 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 165 MPa | |
400.0 °C | 160 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 160 MPa | |
450.0 °C | 155 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 155 MPa | |
impactTransVNotch | 23.0 °C | 1000 kJ/m² Show Supplier Material materials with impactTransVNotch of 1000 kJ/m² |
Thermal
Property | Temperature | Value |
---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | 100.0 °C | 1.41E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.41E-5 1/K |
200.0 °C | 1.49E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.49E-5 1/K | |
300.0 °C | 1.52E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.52E-5 1/K | |
400.0 °C | 1.56E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.56E-5 1/K | |
500.0 °C | 1.58E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.58E-5 1/K | |
600.0 °C | 1.6E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.6E-5 1/K | |
700.0 °C | 1.67E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.67E-5 1/K | |
800.0 °C | 1.72E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.72E-5 1/K | |
900.0 °C | 1.76E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.76E-5 1/K | |
1000.0 °C | 1.79E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.79E-5 1/K | |
Melting point | 1370 - 1400 °C Show Supplier Material materials with Melting point of 1370 - 1400 °C | |
Specific heat capacity | 20.0 °C | 440 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 440 J/(kg·K) |
100.0 °C | 462 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 462 J/(kg·K) | |
200.0 °C | 488 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 488 J/(kg·K) | |
300.0 °C | 514 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 514 J/(kg·K) | |
400.0 °C | 540 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 540 J/(kg·K) | |
500.0 °C | 565 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 565 J/(kg·K) | |
600.0 °C | 590 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 590 J/(kg·K) | |
700.0 °C | 615 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 615 J/(kg·K) | |
800.0 °C | 655 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 655 J/(kg·K) | |
900.0 °C | 680 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 680 J/(kg·K) | |
1000.0 °C | 710 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 710 J/(kg·K) | |
Thermal conductivity | 20.0 °C | 10.8 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 10.8 W/(m·K) |
100.0 °C | 12.4 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 12.4 W/(m·K) | |
200.0 °C | 14.1 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 14.1 W/(m·K) | |
300.0 °C | 15.6 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 15.6 W/(m·K) | |
400.0 °C | 16.9 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 16.9 W/(m·K) | |
500.0 °C | 18.3 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 18.3 W/(m·K) | |
600.0 °C | 19.6 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 19.6 W/(m·K) | |
700.0 °C | 21 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 21 W/(m·K) | |
800.0 °C | 23.2 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 23.2 W/(m·K) | |
900.0 °C | 25.7 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 25.7 W/(m·K) | |
1000.0 °C | 28.1 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 28.1 W/(m·K) | |
Electrical
Property | Temperature | Value |
---|---|---|
Electrical resistivity | 20.0 °C | 1.12E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.12E-6 Ω·m |
100.0 °C | 1.14E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.14E-6 Ω·m | |
200.0 °C | 1.18E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.18E-6 Ω·m | |
300.0 °C | 1.2E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.2E-6 Ω·m | |
400.0 °C | 1.24E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.24E-6 Ω·m | |
500.0 °C | 1.26E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.26E-6 Ω·m | |
600.0 °C | 1.26E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.26E-6 Ω·m | |
700.0 °C | 1.27E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.27E-6 Ω·m | |
800.0 °C | 1.28E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.28E-6 Ω·m | |
900.0 °C | 1.29E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.29E-6 Ω·m | |
1000.0 °C | 1.3E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.3E-6 Ω·m | |
Magnetic
Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Relative magnetic permeability | 23.0 °C | 1.01 [-] Show Supplier Material materials with Relative magnetic permeability of 1.01 [-] | max. |
Chemical properties
Property | Value | Comment |
---|---|---|
Aluminium | 0.2 % Show Supplier Material materials with Aluminium of 0.2 % | max. |
Carbon | 0.025 % Show Supplier Material materials with Carbon of 0.025 % | max. |
Chromium | 19.5 - 23.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Chromium of 19.5 - 23.5 % | |
Cobalt | 1 % Show Supplier Material materials with Cobalt of 1 % | max. |
Copper | 1.5 - 3 % Show Supplier Material materials with Copper of 1.5 - 3 % | |
Iron | 20 - 38 % Show Supplier Material materials with Iron of 20 - 38 % | |
Manganese | 1 % Show Supplier Material materials with Manganese of 1 % | max. |
Molybdenum | 2.5 - 3.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Molybdenum of 2.5 - 3.5 % | |
Nickel | 38 - 46 % Show Supplier Material materials with Nickel of 38 - 46 % | |
Phosphorus | 0.02 % Show Supplier Material materials with Phosphorus of 0.02 % | max. |
Silicon | 0.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Silicon of 0.5 % | max. |
Sulfur | 0.015 % Show Supplier Material materials with Sulfur of 0.015 % | max. |
Titanium | 0.6 - 1.2 % Show Supplier Material materials with Titanium of 0.6 - 1.2 % |
Technological properties
Property | ||
---|---|---|
Application areas | VDM® Alloy 825 is used in the oil and gas industry and in a wide variety of chemical processes. Typical application fields include: Pipes, tubes and fittings in the oil and gas extraction, e. g. in heat exchangers, evaporators, washers, immersion pipes in sea water cooled heat exchangers, offshore piping, components in sulfuric acid pickling plants like heating coils, vessels, boilers, baskets and chains, heat exchangers, evaporators, washers, immersion pipes in phosphoric acid production, food industry, approval for pressure vessels with wall temperatures up to 450 °C acc. to VdTÜV and 538 °C or Section VIII Division 1 vessels acc. to ASME. | |
Cold Forming | Cold working should be carried out on annealed material. VDM® Alloy 825 has a higher work hardening rate than austenitic stainless steels. This must be taken into account during design and selection of forming tools and equipment and during the planning of the forming processes. Intermediate annealing may be necessary at high degrees of cold working deformation. After cold working with more than 15 % of deformation the material should be soft annealed. | |
Corrosion properties | VDM ® Alloy 825 is a versatile engineering alloy with resistance to corrosion in acids and alkalis under both oxidizing and reducing conditions. The high nickel content gives the alloy virtual immunity to stress corrosion cracking. The corrosion resistance in various media like sulfuric, phosphoric, nitric and organic acids is good, as well as the corrosion resistance in alkalis or ammoniac, sea water and caustic chloride. The versatility of VDM® Alloy 825 is illustrated by its use in nuclear fuel element dissolvers where a variety of corrosive media, e. g. sulfuric and nitric acids and sodium hydroxide, are handled in the same equipment. | |
General machinability | VDM® Alloy 825 should be machined in the annealed temper. As the alloy is prone to work-hardening, low cutting speeds and appropriate feed rates should be used and the tool should be engaged at all times. Sufficient chip depths are important to get below the work-hardened surface layer. The optimum dissipation of heat through the use of large amounts of appropriate, preferably water containing cooling lubricants is crucial for a stable machining process. | |
Heat Treatment | Soft or stabilizing annealing should be carried out at temperatures between 920 and 980°C (1,690 to 1,800°F), preferably at 940±10°C (1,725±15°F). Water quenching should be carried out rapidly to achieve optimum corrosion characteristics. Workpieces of less than 3 mm (0.12 in) thickness can be cooled down using air nozzles. The workpiece has to be put into the pre-heated furnace. The furnace should be heated up to the maximum annealing temperature. The retention time during annealing depends on the workpiece thickness. | |
Hot forming | VDM® Alloy 825 may be hot-worked in the temperature range 1,150 to 900 °C (2,100 to 1,650 °F) with subsequent rapid cooling down in water or by using air. The workpieces should be placed in the furnace heated to hot working temperature in order to heat up. Once the temperature has equalised, a retention time of 60 minutes for each 100mm (4 in) of workpiece thickness is recommended. After this, the workpieces should be removed immediately and formed during the stated temperature window. If the material temperature falls below the minimum hot working temperature, the workpiece must be reheated. Heat treatment after hot working is recommended in order to achieve optimum properties and corrosion resistance. | |
Other | VDM® Alloy 825 has a face-centered-cubic crystal structure. | |
Welding | VDM® Alloy 825 can be joined to itself and to many other metals by conventional welding processes. These include GTAW (TIG), plasma arc, GMAW (MIG/MAG) and SMAW (MMA). Pulsed arc welding is the preferred technique. For the MAG process the use of a multi-component shielding gas (Ar + He + H2 + CO2) is recommended. For welding, VDM® Alloy 825 should be in the annealed temper and be free from scale, grease and markings. When welding roots, sufficient protection of the root needs to be ensured with pure argon (Ar 4.6) so that the welding seam is free of oxides after welding. Root backing is also recommended for the first intermediate pass following the initial root pass and in some cases even for the second pass, depending on the weld set-up. Any discoloration/heat tint should be removed preferably by brushing with a stainless steel wire brush while the weld metal is still hot. |