Properties
General
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Density | 23.0 °C | 8.9 g/cm³ Show Supplier Material materials with Density of 8.9 g/cm³ |
Mechanical
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Elastic modulus | 20.0 °C | 208 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 208 GPa |
100.0 °C | 204 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 204 GPa | |
200.0 °C | 200 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 200 GPa | |
300.0 °C | 195 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 195 GPa | |
400.0 °C | 188 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 188 GPa | |
500.0 °C | 182 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 182 GPa | |
600.0 °C | 175 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 175 GPa | |
700.0 °C | 168 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 168 GPa | |
800.0 °C | 160 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 160 GPa | |
900.0 °C | 151 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 151 GPa | |
1000.0 °C | 143 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 143 GPa | |
Impact strength, Charpy notched | 23.0 °C | 1200 kJ/m² Show Supplier Material materials with Impact strength, Charpy notched of 1200 kJ/m² |
Tensile strength | 20.0 °C | 700 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 700 MPa |
100.0 °C | 660 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 660 MPa | |
200.0 °C | 630 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 630 MPa | |
300.0 °C | 600 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 600 MPa | |
400.0 °C | 570 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 570 MPa | |
450.0 °C | 530 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 530 MPa | |
Yield strength Rp0.2 | 20.0 °C | 310 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 310 MPa |
100.0 °C | 280 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 280 MPa | |
200.0 °C | 240 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 240 MPa | |
300.0 °C | 220 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 220 MPa | |
400.0 °C | 195 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 195 MPa | |
450.0 °C | 150 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 150 MPa | |
Thermal
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | 20.0 °C | 1.21E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.21E-5 1/K |
100.0 °C | 1.24E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.24E-5 1/K | |
200.0 °C | 1.28E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.28E-5 1/K | |
300.0 °C | 1.31E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.31E-5 1/K | |
400.0 °C | 1.34E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.34E-5 1/K | |
500.0 °C | 1.34E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.34E-5 1/K | |
600.0 °C | 1.35E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.35E-5 1/K | |
700.0 °C | 1.4E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.4E-5 1/K | |
800.0 °C | 1.46E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.46E-5 1/K | |
900.0 °C | 1.51E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.51E-5 1/K | |
1000.0 °C | 1.56E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.56E-5 1/K | |
Melting point | 1325 - 1370 °C Show Supplier Material materials with Melting point of 1325 - 1370 °C | |
Specific heat capacity | 20.0 °C | 426 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 426 J/(kg·K) |
100.0 °C | 438 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 438 J/(kg·K) | |
200.0 °C | 453 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 453 J/(kg·K) | |
300.0 °C | 469 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 469 J/(kg·K) | |
400.0 °C | 483 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 483 J/(kg·K) | |
500.0 °C | 493 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 493 J/(kg·K) | |
600.0 °C | 515 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 515 J/(kg·K) | |
700.0 °C | 609 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 609 J/(kg·K) | |
800.0 °C | 605 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 605 J/(kg·K) | |
900.0 °C | 609 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 609 J/(kg·K) | |
1000.0 °C | 605 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 605 J/(kg·K) | |
Thermal conductivity | 20.0 °C | 10.2 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 10.2 W/(m·K) |
100.0 °C | 11.6 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 11.6 W/(m·K) | |
200.0 °C | 13.4 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 13.4 W/(m·K) | |
300.0 °C | 15.1 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 15.1 W/(m·K) | |
400.0 °C | 16.7 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 16.7 W/(m·K) | |
500.0 °C | 18.1 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 18.1 W/(m·K) | |
600.0 °C | 20.2 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 20.2 W/(m·K) | |
700.0 °C | 25.7 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 25.7 W/(m·K) | |
800.0 °C | 25.8 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 25.8 W/(m·K) | |
900.0 °C | 25.9 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 25.9 W/(m·K) | |
1000.0 °C | 27.2 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 27.2 W/(m·K) | |
Electrical
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Electrical resistivity | 20.0 °C | 1.25E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.25E-6 Ω·m |
100.0 °C | 1.27E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.27E-6 Ω·m | |
200.0 °C | 1.28E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.28E-6 Ω·m | |
300.0 °C | 1.29E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.29E-6 Ω·m | |
400.0 °C | 1.3E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.3E-6 Ω·m | |
500.0 °C | 1.29E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.29E-6 Ω·m | |
600.0 °C | 1.28E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.28E-6 Ω·m | |
700.0 °C | 1.28E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.28E-6 Ω·m | |
800.0 °C | 1.26E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.26E-6 Ω·m | |
900.0 °C | 1.26E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.26E-6 Ω·m | |
1000.0 °C | 1.26E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.26E-6 Ω·m | |
Magnetic
| Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
Relative magnetic permeability | 23.0 °C | 1 [-] Show Supplier Material materials with Relative magnetic permeability of 1 [-] | max. |
Chemical properties
| Property | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|
Carbon | 0.01 % Show Supplier Material materials with Carbon of 0.01 % | max. |
Chromium | 15 - 16.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Chromium of 15 - 16.5 % | |
Cobalt | 2.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Cobalt of 2.5 % | max. |
Iron | 4 - 7 % Show Supplier Material materials with Iron of 4 - 7 % | |
Manganese | 1 % Show Supplier Material materials with Manganese of 1 % | max. |
Molybdenum | 15 - 17 % Show Supplier Material materials with Molybdenum of 15 - 17 % | |
Nickel | 51 - 63 % Show Supplier Material materials with Nickel of 51 - 63 % | |
Phosphorus | 0.02 % Show Supplier Material materials with Phosphorus of 0.02 % | max. |
Silicon | 0.08 % Show Supplier Material materials with Silicon of 0.08 % | max. |
Sulfur | 0.01 % Show Supplier Material materials with Sulfur of 0.01 % | max. |
Tungsten | 3 - 4.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Tungsten of 3 - 4.5 % | |
Vanadium | 0.3 % Show Supplier Material materials with Vanadium of 0.3 % | max. |
Technological properties
| Property | ||
|---|---|---|
| Application areas | VDM® Alloy C-276 has a broad field of application in the chemicals and petrochemicals industry, for components in organic processes containing chlorides, and for catalytic systems. The material can be used especially in cases where hot, contaminated mineral acids, solutions or organic acids (such as formic acid and acetic acid) and seawater occur. Examples of fields of application: Paper and pulp industry, e.g. for digestion and bleaching tanks, washers, agitators and wet ventilators in flue gas desulfurization systems, equipment and components for acid gas applications, reactors for acetic acid production, sulfuric acid coolers, methylene diphenyl isocyanate (MDI), manufacturing and processing of contaminated phosphoric acid. | |
| Cold Forming | The workpieces should be in the annealed condition for cold working. VDM® Alloy C-276 has significantly higher cold forming properties than the widely used austenitic stainless steels. This must be taken into account during design and selection of forming tools and equipment and during the planning of forming processes. Intermediate annealing is necessary for major cold-working treatment. When cold forming of >15 %, final solution annealing must be conducted. | |
| Corrosion properties | VDM® Alloy C-276 can be used in many chemical processes with both oxidizing as well as reducing media. The high chrome and molybdenum concentrations make the alloy resistant to chloride ion attacks. The tungsten content further increases this resistance. VDM® Alloy C-276 is one of the few materials that are resistant against chlorine gas, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide solutions. The alloy is characterized by excellent resistance against concentrated solutions of oxidizing salts (such as iron III and copper chloride). | |
| General machinability | VDM® Alloy C-276 should be machined in the heat-treated condition. For reasons of the considerably increased tendency to work hardening in comparison to austenitic stainless steels, a low cut speed at a feed level that is not too high should be selected and the cutting tool should be engaged at all times. An adequate depth of cut is important in order to cut below the previously formed strain-hardened zone. Optimum heat dissipation through the use of large quantities of suitable, preferably aqueous, lubricants has considerable influence on a stable machining process. | |
| Heat Treatment | Solution annealing should take place at temperatures of between 1,100 and 1,160°C (2,012 and 2,120°F). The retention time during annealing depends on the semi-finished product thickness. The retention time commences with material temperature equalization; longer times are generally considerably less critical than retention times that are too short. Cooling down should be accelerated with water to achieve optimum properties. Fast air cooling can also be carried out at thicknesses of less than approx. 1.5 mm (0.059 in). In the process, the cooling must take place within 2 minutes between 1,000 and 600°C (1,832 and 1,112°F). The material must be placed in a furnace that has been heated up to the maximum annealing temperature before any heat treatment. For the product form strip, the heat treatment can be performed in a continuous furnace at a speed and temperature that is adapted to the band thickness. The cleanliness requirements listed in the Section ‘Heating’ have to be observed. | |
| Hot forming | VDM® Alloy C-276 should be hot-formed in a temperature range of 950 to 1,200°C (1,742 to 2,192°F) with subsequent rapid cooling in water or in air. Heat treatment after hot-working is recommended in order to achieve optimal corrosion behavior. For heating up, workpieces should be placed in a furnace that is already heated up to the target value. | |
| Other | VDM® Alloy C-276 has a cubic, face-centered microstructure. In the temperature range of 600 to 1100 °C, intermetallic phases can form during longer exposure times or when cooling is too slow. In addition, carbides can dissipate on the grain boundaries, which reduce resistance against intercrystalline corrosion. | |
| Welding | VDM® Alloy C-276 can be welded using all of the common welding processes, such as GTAW (TIG), GTAW (TIG) hot wire, plasma and GMAW (MIG/MAG). | |