Properties
General
Mechanical
| Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
Charpy impact energy | -196.0 °C | 60 J Show Supplier Material materials with Charpy impact energy of 60 J | EN 13445-2 (UFPV-2) and EN 10216-5 |
Creep strength 10^4 cycles | 540.0 °C | 253 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 253 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h |
550.0 °C | 237 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 237 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h | |
580.0 °C | 192 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 192 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h | |
600.0 °C | 166 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 166 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h | |
620.0 °C | 142 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 142 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h | |
650.0 °C | 112 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 112 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h | |
670.0 °C | 96 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 96 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h | |
700.0 °C | 74 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 74 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h | |
800.0 °C | 28 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 28 MPa | ISO values, at 10000h | |
Creep strength 10^5 cycles | 540.0 °C | 186 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 186 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h |
550.0 °C | 172 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 172 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h | |
580.0 °C | 135 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 135 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h | |
600.0 °C | 115 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 115 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h | |
620.0 °C | 97 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 97 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h | |
650.0 °C | 74 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 74 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h | |
670.0 °C | 61 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 61 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h | |
700.0 °C | 48 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 48 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h | |
800.0 °C | 16 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 16 MPa | ISO values, at 100000h | |
Elastic modulus | 20.0 °C | 200 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 200 GPa | |
100.0 °C | 194 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 194 GPa | ||
200.0 °C | 186 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 186 GPa | ||
300.0 °C | 179 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 179 GPa | ||
400.0 °C | 172 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 172 GPa | ||
500.0 °C | 165 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 165 GPa | ||
Elongation | 23.0 °C | 40 % Show Supplier Material materials with Elongation of 40 % | min. |
Hardness, Vickers | 23.0 °C | 155 [-] Show Supplier Material materials with Hardness, Vickers of 155 [-] | |
Tensile strength | 23.0 °C | 515 - 690 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 515 - 690 MPa | |
Yield strength Rp0.1 | 20.0 °C | 250 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 250 MPa | min. |
50.0 °C | 232 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 232 MPa | min. | |
100.0 °C | 210 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 210 MPa | min. | |
150.0 °C | 195 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 195 MPa | min. | |
200.0 °C | 185 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 185 MPa | min. | |
250.0 °C | 175 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 175 MPa | min. | |
300.0 °C | 167 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 167 MPa | min. | |
350.0 °C | 162 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 162 MPa | min. | |
400.0 °C | 159 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 159 MPa | min. | |
450.0 °C | 156 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 156 MPa | min. | |
500.0 °C | 155 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 155 MPa | min. | |
550.0 °C | 152 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 152 MPa | min. | |
Yield strength Rp0.2 | 20.0 °C | 220 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 220 MPa | min. |
50.0 °C | 195 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 195 MPa | min. | |
100.0 °C | 175 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 175 MPa | min. | |
150.0 °C | 165 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 165 MPa | min. | |
200.0 °C | 155 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 155 MPa | min. | |
250.0 °C | 147 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 147 MPa | min. | |
300.0 °C | 139 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 139 MPa | min. | |
350.0 °C | 133 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 133 MPa | min. | |
400.0 °C | 129 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 129 MPa | min. | |
450.0 °C | 126 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 126 MPa | min. | |
500.0 °C | 124 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 124 MPa | min. | |
550.0 °C | 118 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 118 MPa | min. | |
Thermal
| Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | 100.0 °C | 1.7E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.7E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature |
200.0 °C | 1.75E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.75E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
300.0 °C | 1.75E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.75E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
400.0 °C | 1.8E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.8E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
500.0 °C | 1.85E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.85E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
600.0 °C | 1.85E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.85E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
700.0 °C | 1.9E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.9E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
800.0 °C | 1.95E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.95E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
900.0 °C | 1.95E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.95E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
1000.0 °C | 2E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 2E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
Specific heat capacity | 20.0 °C | 485 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 485 J/(kg·K) | |
100.0 °C | 500 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 500 J/(kg·K) | ||
200.0 °C | 515 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 515 J/(kg·K) | ||
300.0 °C | 525 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 525 J/(kg·K) | ||
400.0 °C | 540 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 540 J/(kg·K) | ||
500.0 °C | 555 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 555 J/(kg·K) | ||
600.0 °C | 575 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 575 J/(kg·K) | ||
Thermal conductivity | 20.0 °C | 14 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 14 W/(m·K) | |
100.0 °C | 15 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 15 W/(m·K) | ||
200.0 °C | 17 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 17 W/(m·K) | ||
300.0 °C | 18 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 18 W/(m·K) | ||
400.0 °C | 20 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 20 W/(m·K) | ||
500.0 °C | 21 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 21 W/(m·K) | ||
600.0 °C | 23 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 23 W/(m·K) | ||
Chemical properties
| Property | Value | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|
Carbon | 0.05 % Show Supplier Material materials with Carbon of 0.05 % | max. | |
Chromium | 17.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Chromium of 17.5 % | ||
Iron | Balance | ||
Manganese | 1.7 % Show Supplier Material materials with Manganese of 1.7 % | ||
Nickel | 10 % Show Supplier Material materials with Nickel of 10 % | ||
Niobium | 0.7 % Show Supplier Material materials with Niobium of 0.7 % | ||
Phosphorus | 0.03 % Show Supplier Material materials with Phosphorus of 0.03 % | max. | |
Silicon | 0.6 % Show Supplier Material materials with Silicon of 0.6 % | ||
Sulfur | 0.015 % Show Supplier Material materials with Sulfur of 0.015 % | max. | |
Technological properties
| Property | ||
|---|---|---|
| Application areas | Sandvik 6R44 is used for superheater tubes in steam power plants. It is also frequently used for cooling tubes in ammonia converters, because of its good resistance to nitrogen absorption and good corrosion resistance. With its good hot-strength, and good resistance to hydrogen sulfide and intergranular corrosion, Sandvik 6R44 is a suitable material for furnace tubes in refineries. Furnace tubing used in vinyl chloride production is another example of applications in which this steel is often used. | |
| Cold Forming | Annealing after cold bending is not normally necessary, but this point must be decided with regard to the degree of bending and the operating conditions. Heat treatment, if any, should take the form of stress relieving or solution annealing, see under "Heat treatment". | |
| Corrosion properties | Wet corrosion: Sandvik 6R44 is generally used at temperatures above 500°C (930°F), where wet corrosion is not relevant. The stabilization with niobium gives Sandvik 6R44 good resistance to intergranular corrosion. The steel may be sensitive to pitting and crevice corrosion even in solutions of relatively low chloride content. Austenitic steels are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. This may occur at temperatures above about 60°C (140°F), if the steel is subject to tensile stresses and at the same time comes into contact with certain solutions, particularly those containing chlorides. Such service conditions should therefore be avoided. Conditions when plants are shut down must also be considered as the condensates which are then formed can develop a chloride content that leads to both stress corrosion cracking and pitting. Gas corrosion: Sandvik 6R44 can be used in air up to 850°C (1560°F) and in steam up to 750°C (1380°F). It is suitable for use in mild synthesis gas up to about 550°C (1020°F). Creep behavior should also be taken into account when using the steel in the creep range. In flue gases containing sulfur, the corrosion resistance is reduced. In such environments this steel can be used at temperatures up to 600-750°C (1110-1380°F) depending on service conditions. Factors to consider are whether the atmosphere is oxidizing or reducing, i.e. the oxygen content, and whether impurities such as sodium and vanadium are present. | |
| Heat Treatment | The tubes are delivered in heat treated condition. If another heat treatment is needed after further processing the following is recommended: Stress relieving: 850-950°C (1560-1740°F), 10- 15 minutes, cooling in air. Solution annealing: 1000-1100°C (1830-2010°F), 5-20 minutes, rapid cooling in air or water. | |
| Hot forming | Hot bending is carried out at 1100-850°C (2010-1560°F) and should be followed by solution annealing. | |
| Other | Forms of supply: Seamless tube and pipe in Sandvik 6R44 is supplied in dimensions up to 260 mm outside diameter in the solution-annealed and white-pickled condition or in the bright annealed condition. | |
| Welding | The weldability of Sandvik 6R44 is good. Welding must be carried out without preheating and subsequent heat treatment is normally not required. Suitable methods of fusion welding are manual metal-arc welding (MMA/SMAW) and gas-shielded arc welding, with the TIG/GTAW method as first choice. For Sandvik 6R44, heat input of <1.5 kJ/mm and interpass temperature of <150°C (300°F) are recommended. Recommended filler metals:
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