Properties
General
Mechanical
| Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
Creep strength 10^4 cycles | 575.0 °C | 167 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 167 MPa | at 10000h |
600.0 °C | 138 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 138 MPa | at 10000h | |
625.0 °C | 112 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 112 MPa | at 10000h | |
650.0 °C | 94 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 94 MPa | at 10000h | |
675.0 °C | 76 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 76 MPa | at 10000h | |
700.0 °C | 62 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 62 MPa | at 10000h | |
725.0 °C | 50 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 50 MPa | at 10000h | |
750.0 °C | 41 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 41 MPa | at 10000h | |
775.0 °C | 33 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 33 MPa | at 10000h | |
800.0 °C | 27 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 27 MPa | at 10000h | |
825.0 °C | 22 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 22 MPa | at 10000h | |
850.0 °C | 18 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 18 MPa | at 10000h | |
875.0 °C | 15 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 15 MPa | at 10000h | |
900.0 °C | 13 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 13 MPa | at 10000h | |
925.0 °C | 11 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 11 MPa | at 10000h | |
950.0 °C | 9.6 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 9.6 MPa | at 10000h | |
975.0 °C | 8.2 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 8.2 MPa | at 10000h | |
1000.0 °C | 7 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 7 MPa | at 10000h | |
1025.0 °C | 6.2 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 6.2 MPa | at 10000h | |
1050.0 °C | 5.5 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 5.5 MPa | at 10000h | |
1075.0 °C | 4.9 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 4.9 MPa | at 10000h | |
1100.0 °C | 4.3 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^4 cycles of 4.3 MPa | at 10000h | |
Creep strength 10^5 cycles | 525.0 °C | 162 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 162 MPa | at 100000h |
550.0 °C | 128 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 128 MPa | at 100000h | |
575.0 °C | 102 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 102 MPa | at 100000h | |
600.0 °C | 82 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 82 MPa | at 100000h | |
625.0 °C | 64 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 64 MPa | at 100000h | |
650.0 °C | 52 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 52 MPa | at 100000h | |
675.0 °C | 43 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 43 MPa | at 100000h | |
700.0 °C | 33 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 33 MPa | at 100000h | |
725.0 °C | 27 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 27 MPa | at 100000h | |
750.0 °C | 22 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 22 MPa | at 100000h | |
775.0 °C | 18 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 18 MPa | at 100000h | |
800.0 °C | 15 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 15 MPa | at 100000h | |
825.0 °C | 12 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 12 MPa | at 100000h | |
850.0 °C | 10 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 10 MPa | at 100000h | |
875.0 °C | 8.8 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 8.8 MPa | at 100000h | |
900.0 °C | 7.5 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 7.5 MPa | at 100000h | |
925.0 °C | 6.6 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 6.6 MPa | at 100000h | |
950.0 °C | 5.7 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 5.7 MPa | at 100000h | |
975.0 °C | 5 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 5 MPa | at 100000h | |
1000.0 °C | 4.3 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 4.3 MPa | at 100000h | |
1025.0 °C | 3.8 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 3.8 MPa | at 100000h | |
1050.0 °C | 3.3 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 3.3 MPa | at 100000h | |
1075.0 °C | 3 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 3 MPa | at 100000h | |
1100.0 °C | 2.6 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Creep strength 10^5 cycles of 2.6 MPa | at 100000h | |
Elastic modulus | 20.0 °C | 200 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 200 GPa | |
200.0 °C | 185 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 185 GPa | ||
400.0 °C | 170 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 170 GPa | ||
600.0 °C | 155 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 155 GPa | ||
800.0 °C | 135 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 135 GPa | ||
1000.0 °C | 120 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 120 GPa | ||
Elongation | 23.0 °C | 40 % Show Supplier Material materials with Elongation of 40 % | min. |
Elongation A2 | 23.0 °C | 40 % Show Supplier Material materials with Elongation A2 of 40 % | min. |
Hardness, Vickers | 23.0 °C | 190 [-] Show Supplier Material materials with Hardness, Vickers of 190 [-] | |
Tensile strength | 20.0 °C | 650 - 850 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 650 - 850 MPa | |
100.0 °C | 550 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 550 MPa | ||
200.0 °C | 475 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 475 MPa | ||
300.0 °C | 440 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 440 MPa | ||
400.0 °C | 425 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 425 MPa | ||
500.0 °C | 400 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 400 MPa | ||
600.0 °C | 340 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 340 MPa | ||
Yield strength Rp0.1 | 20.0 °C | 350 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 350 MPa | min. |
100.0 °C | 265 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 265 MPa | min. | |
200.0 °C | 215 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 215 MPa | min. | |
300.0 °C | 200 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 200 MPa | min. | |
400.0 °C | 190 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 190 MPa | min. | |
500.0 °C | 180 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 180 MPa | min. | |
600.0 °C | 165 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.1 of 165 MPa | min. | |
Yield strength Rp0.2 | 20.0 °C | 310 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 310 MPa | min. |
100.0 °C | 225 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 225 MPa | min. | |
200.0 °C | 189 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 189 MPa | min. | |
300.0 °C | 170 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 170 MPa | min. | |
400.0 °C | 160 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 160 MPa | min. | |
500.0 °C | 150 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 150 MPa | min. | |
600.0 °C | 140 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 140 MPa | min. | |
Thermal
| Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | 100.0 °C | 1.65E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.65E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature |
200.0 °C | 1.7E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.7E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
300.0 °C | 1.7E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.7E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
400.0 °C | 1.75E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.75E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
500.0 °C | 1.8E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.8E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
600.0 °C | 1.8E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.8E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
700.0 °C | 1.85E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.85E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
800.0 °C | 1.9E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.9E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
900.0 °C | 1.9E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.9E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
1000.0 °C | 1.95E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.95E-5 1/K | for 30°C to the mentioned temperature | |
Max service temperature | 1150 °C Show Supplier Material materials with Max service temperature of 1150 °C | ||
Specific heat capacity | 20.0 °C | 490 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 490 J/(kg·K) | |
100.0 °C | 515 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 515 J/(kg·K) | ||
200.0 °C | 540 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 540 J/(kg·K) | ||
300.0 °C | 565 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 565 J/(kg·K) | ||
400.0 °C | 580 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 580 J/(kg·K) | ||
500.0 °C | 600 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 600 J/(kg·K) | ||
600.0 °C | 615 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 615 J/(kg·K) | ||
700.0 °C | 630 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 630 J/(kg·K) | ||
800.0 °C | 645 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 645 J/(kg·K) | ||
900.0 °C | 655 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 655 J/(kg·K) | ||
1000.0 °C | 665 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 665 J/(kg·K) | ||
1100.0 °C | 680 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 680 J/(kg·K) | ||
Thermal conductivity | 20.0 °C | 13 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 13 W/(m·K) | |
100.0 °C | 14 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 14 W/(m·K) | ||
200.0 °C | 16 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 16 W/(m·K) | ||
300.0 °C | 18 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 18 W/(m·K) | ||
400.0 °C | 20 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 20 W/(m·K) | ||
500.0 °C | 21 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 21 W/(m·K) | ||
600.0 °C | 23 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 23 W/(m·K) | ||
700.0 °C | 24 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 24 W/(m·K) | ||
800.0 °C | 25 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 25 W/(m·K) | ||
900.0 °C | 26 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 26 W/(m·K) | ||
1000.0 °C | 28 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 28 W/(m·K) | ||
1100.0 °C | 29 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 29 W/(m·K) | ||
Electrical
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Electrical resistivity | 20.0 °C | 8.4E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 8.4E-7 Ω·m |
100.0 °C | 9.1E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 9.1E-7 Ω·m | |
200.0 °C | 9.7E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 9.7E-7 Ω·m | |
300.0 °C | 1.02E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.02E-6 Ω·m | |
400.0 °C | 1.07E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.07E-6 Ω·m | |
500.0 °C | 1.11E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.11E-6 Ω·m | |
600.0 °C | 1.15E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.15E-6 Ω·m | |
700.0 °C | 1.18E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.18E-6 Ω·m | |
800.0 °C | 1.21E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.21E-6 Ω·m | |
900.0 °C | 1.23E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.23E-6 Ω·m | |
1000.0 °C | 1.26E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.26E-6 Ω·m | |
1100.0 °C | 1.29E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.29E-6 Ω·m | |
Magnetic
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Relative magnetic permeability | 23.0 °C | 1 [-] Show Supplier Material materials with Relative magnetic permeability of 1 [-] |
Chemical properties
| Property | Value | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|
Carbon | 0.08 % Show Supplier Material materials with Carbon of 0.08 % | ||
Cerium | 0.05 % Show Supplier Material materials with Cerium of 0.05 % | To cerium should be added the quantity of other rare earth metals, since the the additive takes the form of misch metal containing about 50% Ce. | |
Chromium | 21 % Show Supplier Material materials with Chromium of 21 % | ||
Iron | Balance | ||
Manganese | 0.8 % Show Supplier Material materials with Manganese of 0.8 % | max. | |
Nickel | 11 % Show Supplier Material materials with Nickel of 11 % | ||
Nitrogen | 0.17 % Show Supplier Material materials with Nitrogen of 0.17 % | ||
Phosphorus | 0.04 % Show Supplier Material materials with Phosphorus of 0.04 % | max. | |
Silicon | 1.6 % Show Supplier Material materials with Silicon of 1.6 % | ||
Sulfur | 0.03 % Show Supplier Material materials with Sulfur of 0.03 % | max. | |
Technological properties
| Property | ||
|---|---|---|
| Application areas | The high creep strength of Sandvik 253 MA, coupled with its excellent oxidation resistance and its good resistance to carburization in constantly carburizing gas, makes it a very suitable material for end uses in which 18/8 steels lack the necessary resistance to oxidation and carburization. Sandvik 253 MA is often preferred instead of stainless chromium steels which have insufficient creep strength and structural stability. Furthermore, Sandvik 253 MA can very well take the place of higher alloyed materials such as 25Cr/20Ni steels and Alloy 800H, or even Alloy 600 in certain cases. Sandvik 253 MA has come to be used extensively in the metallurgical, petrochemical and power industries. Typical applications are: Trademark information: 253 MA is a trademark owned by Outokumpu OY | |
| Certifications | Approvals: Approved for use in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I, III and VIII, Div. 1 (SA-182, SA-213, SA-240, SA-249 SA-312 and SA-479) | |
| Cold Forming | Annealing after cold bending is not normally necessary, but this should be reviewed depending on the degree of bending and the operating conditions. If cold bending has exceeded 10–20%, we recommend solution annealing for tubes that are to be used at temperatures above about 800°C (1450°F), and when the highest possible creep strength is required in the bent tube. | |
| Corrosion properties | Air: Sandvik 253 MA has very high resistance to oxidation, especially at cyclically varying temperatures. See Figs. 3 and 4. The service temperature in air should not exceed about 1150°C (2100°F). Isothermal oxidation at 1150°C (2100°F) for 100 h results in a corrosion rate of about 0.3 mm/year (13 mpy), and exposure at the same temperature for 1000 h causes about 0.2 mm/year (9 mpy). Cyclic oxidation at 1150°C (2100°F) for 5 x 24 h, with cooling to room temperature every 24 hours gives a corrosion rate of less than 1.1 mm/year (43 mpy), which is only marginally greater than the corrosion rate at 1000°C (1830°F). Cyclic oxidation testing for 1000 h (15 minutes at the testing temperature and 5 minutes at room temperature, making a total of 3000 cycles) places heavy demands on the elasticity and adhesive capacity of the oxide. The test results in Fig. 4 show that the resistance of Sandvik 253 MA in such difficult conditions is superior to that of both ASTM TP310 and EN 1.4828 (ASTM TP309). The very good properties of this grade in cyclic conditions have been achieved by adding rare earth metals and silicon. Carburizing atmosphere: Carburization can occur when a material comes into contact with hot gases with high carbon activity, e.g. hydrocarbons. The degree of carburization depends on the composition of the material and on the carbon and oxygen contents of the gas. Thanks to the relatively high chromium content and the addition of silicon and rare earth metals, a protective oxide is easily formed on the surface of Sandvik 253 MA material. Carburization resistance is, therefore, good. Fig. 5 shows carburization after 500 h at different temperatures, in a mixture of about 10% methane and about 90% argon containing 0.5% oxygen. As can be seen, Sandvik 253 MA is less prone to carburization at high temperatures in these conditions than ASTM TP310 and Alloy 800H. In alternately oxidizing and carburizing atmospheres and carburizing slags, Sandvik 253 MA is slightly more prone to carburization than steels of higher chromium and/or nickel content. Other gaseous atmospheres: In addition to its very good oxidation resistance in air, Sandvik 253 MA is also highly resistant to other atmospheres. The highly protective oxide layer makes it possible to use this steel at high temperatures in atmospheres containing sulphur and other aggressive compounds. Sandvik 253 MA is more resistant than the higher alloyed 25Cr/20Ni steels to combustion gas attacks in cyclic conditions. It has an equivalent resistance, compared to the same grades, in conditions which are virtually isothermal. Sandvik 253 MA can also be used in nitrogen-containing atmospheres provided that the gas contains enough oxygen to form a protective oxide layer. In gas shields containing little or no oxygen the resistance of Sandvik 253 MA is inferior to that of Alloy 800H and 25Cr/20Ni steels as illustrated in Fig. 6. Thus, the grade is not recommended for use in muffle tubes using cracked ammonia gas. Salt and metal melts: Compared with conventional austenitic stainless steels, Sandvik 253 MA has good resistance to cyanide melts and neutral salt melts and also to metal melts, e.g. lead, at high temperatures. Its resistance to metal melts is to a great extent determined by the oxygen content of the melt. As with other alloyed steels, corrosion is greatest at the surface of the metal bath. Wet corrosion: Sandvik 253 MA is not generally used in conditions requiring great resistance to wet corrosion. The steel is, however, slightly more resistant than ASTM TP304 to stress corrosion cracking in chloride bearing aqueous solutions. Its resistance is more or less the same as that of ASTM TP316. | |
| Heat Treatment | Tubes are delivered in the heat treated condition. If another heat treatment is needed after further processing the following is recommended: Stress relieving: 850-950°C (1560-1740°F), 10-15 minutes, cooling in air. Solution annealing: 1050–1150°C (1920–2100°F), 5–20 minutes, rapid cooling in air, gas or water. | |
| Hot forming | Hot bending should be carried out at 1100–850°C (2050–1560°F) and should be followed by solution annealing. | |
| Other | Forms of supply: Seamless tube and pipe in Sandvik 253 MA is supplied in dimensions up to 260 mm (10.2 in.) outside diameter in the solution-annealed and white-pickled condition or solution annealed by a bright-annealing process. Sandvik 253 MA is also supplied in forms of: Wire, drawn or ground | |
| Structural Stability | Because Sandvik 253 MA contains less chromium, and because of the addition of nitrogen the grade is less prone to sigma phase embrittlement than 25Cr/20Ni steels. For more information please take a look at the figure on the right side of the material page. | |
| Welding | The weldability of Sandvik 253MA is good. Suitable methods of fusion welding are manual metal-arc welding (MMA/SMAW) and gas-shielded arc welding, with the TIG/GTAW method as first choice.In common with all austenitic stainless steels, Sandvik 253MA has low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion. Welding plans should therefore be carefully selected in advance, so that distortions of the welded joint are minimized. If residual stresses are a concern, solution annealing can be performed after welding. For Sandvik 253MA, heat-input of <1.5 kJ/mm and interpass temperature of <150°C (300°F) are recommended. Recommended filler metals:
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