Properties
General
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Density | 23.0 °C | 8.47 g/cm³ Show Supplier Material materials with Density of 8.47 g/cm³ |
Mechanical
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Charpy impact energy, V-notch | 23.0 °C | 100 J Show Supplier Material materials with Charpy impact energy, V-notch of 100 J |
Elastic modulus | 20.0 °C | 209 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 209 GPa |
100.0 °C | 202 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 202 GPa | |
200.0 °C | 195 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 195 GPa | |
300.0 °C | 190 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 190 GPa | |
400.0 °C | 185 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 185 GPa | |
500.0 °C | 178 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 178 GPa | |
600.0 °C | 170 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 170 GPa | |
700.0 °C | 162 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 162 GPa | |
800.0 °C | 153 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 153 GPa | |
900.0 °C | 142 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 142 GPa | |
1000.0 °C | 128 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 128 GPa | |
Elongation | 23.0 °C | 35 % Show Supplier Material materials with Elongation of 35 % |
Impact strength, Charpy notched | 23.0 °C | 1250 kJ/m² Show Supplier Material materials with Impact strength, Charpy notched of 1250 kJ/m² |
Tensile strength | 20.0 °C | 730 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 730 MPa |
100.0 °C | 600 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 600 MPa | |
200.0 °C | 580 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 580 MPa | |
300.0 °C | 560 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 560 MPa | |
400.0 °C | 540 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 540 MPa | |
450.0 °C | 530 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 530 MPa | |
500.0 °C | 650 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 650 MPa | |
550.0 °C | 645 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 645 MPa | |
600.0 °C | 640 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 640 MPa | |
650.0 °C | 625 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 625 MPa | |
700.0 °C | 610 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 610 MPa | |
750.0 °C | 570 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 570 MPa | |
800.0 °C | 450 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 450 MPa | |
850.0 °C | 350 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 350 MPa | |
900.0 °C | 250 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 250 MPa | |
1000.0 °C | 120 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 120 MPa | |
Yield strength Rp0.2 | 20.0 °C | 330 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 330 MPa |
100.0 °C | 290 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 290 MPa | |
200.0 °C | 265 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 265 MPa | |
300.0 °C | 260 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 260 MPa | |
400.0 °C | 260 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 260 MPa | |
450.0 °C | 255 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 255 MPa | |
500.0 °C | 265 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 265 MPa | |
550.0 °C | 260 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 260 MPa | |
600.0 °C | 255 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 255 MPa | |
650.0 °C | 245 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 245 MPa | |
700.0 °C | 240 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 240 MPa | |
750.0 °C | 225 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 225 MPa | |
800.0 °C | 215 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 215 MPa | |
850.0 °C | 200 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 200 MPa | |
900.0 °C | 190 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 190 MPa | |
1000.0 °C | 100 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 100 MPa | |
Thermal
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | 100.0 °C | 1.25E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.25E-5 1/K |
200.0 °C | 1.3E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.3E-5 1/K | |
300.0 °C | 1.33E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.33E-5 1/K | |
400.0 °C | 1.36E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.36E-5 1/K | |
500.0 °C | 1.39E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.39E-5 1/K | |
600.0 °C | 1.45E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.45E-5 1/K | |
700.0 °C | 1.52E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.52E-5 1/K | |
800.0 °C | 1.57E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.57E-5 1/K | |
900.0 °C | 1.62E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.62E-5 1/K | |
1000.0 °C | 1.66E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.66E-5 1/K | |
Melting point | 1290 - 1350 °C Show Supplier Material materials with Melting point of 1290 - 1350 °C | |
Specific heat capacity | 100.0 °C | 496 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 496 J/(kg·K) |
200.0 °C | 521 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 521 J/(kg·K) | |
300.0 °C | 538 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 538 J/(kg·K) | |
400.0 °C | 555 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 555 J/(kg·K) | |
500.0 °C | 573 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 573 J/(kg·K) | |
600.0 °C | 620 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 620 J/(kg·K) | |
700.0 °C | 654 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 654 J/(kg·K) | |
800.0 °C | 663 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 663 J/(kg·K) | |
900.0 °C | 677 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 677 J/(kg·K) | |
1000.0 °C | 684 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 684 J/(kg·K) | |
1100.0 °C | 695 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 695 J/(kg·K) | |
1200.0 °C | 705 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 705 J/(kg·K) | |
Thermal conductivity | 100.0 °C | 12.4 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 12.4 W/(m·K) |
200.0 °C | 14.2 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 14.2 W/(m·K) | |
300.0 °C | 16 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 16 W/(m·K) | |
400.0 °C | 17.7 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 17.7 W/(m·K) | |
500.0 °C | 19.3 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 19.3 W/(m·K) | |
600.0 °C | 21.5 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 21.5 W/(m·K) | |
700.0 °C | 26.8 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 26.8 W/(m·K) | |
800.0 °C | 26.8 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 26.8 W/(m·K) | |
900.0 °C | 26.7 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 26.7 W/(m·K) | |
1000.0 °C | 28.2 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 28.2 W/(m·K) | |
1100.0 °C | 29.6 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 29.6 W/(m·K) | |
Electrical
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Electrical resistivity | 20.0 °C | 1.25E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.25E-6 Ω·m |
100.0 °C | 1.26E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.26E-6 Ω·m | |
200.0 °C | 1.27E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.27E-6 Ω·m | |
300.0 °C | 1.29E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.29E-6 Ω·m | |
400.0 °C | 1.31E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.31E-6 Ω·m | |
500.0 °C | 1.32E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.32E-6 Ω·m | |
600.0 °C | 1.31E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.31E-6 Ω·m | |
700.0 °C | 1.3E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.3E-6 Ω·m | |
800.0 °C | 1.29E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.29E-6 Ω·m | |
900.0 °C | 1.28E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.28E-6 Ω·m | |
1000.0 °C | 1.28E-6 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 1.28E-6 Ω·m | |
Magnetic
| Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
Relative magnetic permeability | 23.0 °C | 1 [-] Show Supplier Material materials with Relative magnetic permeability of 1 [-] | max. |
Chemical properties
| Property | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|
Aluminium | 0.4 % Show Supplier Material materials with Aluminium of 0.4 % | max. |
Carbon | 0.03 % Show Supplier Material materials with Carbon of 0.03 % | max. |
Chromium | 21 - 23 % Show Supplier Material materials with Chromium of 21 - 23 % | |
Cobalt | 1 % Show Supplier Material materials with Cobalt of 1 % | max. |
Iron | 5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Iron of 5 % | max. |
Manganese | 0.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Manganese of 0.5 % | max. |
Molybdenum | 8 - 10 % Show Supplier Material materials with Molybdenum of 8 - 10 % | |
Nickel | 58 - 71 % Show Supplier Material materials with Nickel of 58 - 71 % | |
Niobium | 3.2 - 3.8 % Show Supplier Material materials with Niobium of 3.2 - 3.8 % | Nb+Ta |
Phosphorus | 0.01 % Show Supplier Material materials with Phosphorus of 0.01 % | max. |
Silicon | 0.4 % Show Supplier Material materials with Silicon of 0.4 % | max. |
Sulfur | 0.01 % Show Supplier Material materials with Sulfur of 0.01 % | max. |
Tantalum | 3.2 - 3.8 % Show Supplier Material materials with Tantalum of 3.2 - 3.8 % | Nb+Ta |
Titanium | 0.4 % Show Supplier Material materials with Titanium of 0.4 % | max. |
Technological properties
| Property | ||
|---|---|---|
| Application areas | Equipment for the production of super phosphoric acid;Plants for the treatment of radioactive waste;Production pipe systems and linings of risers in oil production;Offshore industry and seawater exposed equipment;Sea water piping in shipbuilding;Stress corrosion cracking resistant compensators;Furnace linings;Components in the oil and gas extraction;Superheater tubes in waste incineration plants | |
| Cold Forming | Cold working should be carried out on annealed material. VDM® Alloy 625 has a higher work hardening rate than austenitic stainless steels. This must be taken into account during design and selection of forming tools and equipment and during the planning of the forming processes. Intermediate annealing may be necessary at high degrees of cold working deformation. After cold working with more than 15% of deformation the material should be soft annealed. | |
| Corrosion properties | Optimum corrosion resistance can only be obtained if the material is in the correct metallurgical condition and possesses a clean structure. Under these circumstances VDM® Alloy 625 (grade 1) has excellent corrosion resistance to a variety of corrosive media. Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride-containing media. Virtual immunity to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking. High resistance to corrosion attack by mineral acids such as nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acid, as well as by concentrated alkalis and organic acids, both under oxidizing as reducing conditions. Very good resistance in seawater and brackish water, even at elevated temperatures. High resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding and heat treatment and high resistance to erosion corrosion. | |
| General machinability | VDM® Alloy 625 should be machined in the annealed condition. As the alloy is prone to work-hardening, low cutting speeds and appropriate feed rates should be used and the tool should be engaged at all times. Sufficient chip depths are important to get below the work-hardened surface layer. The optimum dissipation of heat through the use of large amounts of appropriate, preferably water containing cooling lubricants is crucial for a stable machining process. | |
| Heat Treatment | The soft annealing is carried out at temperatures of 950 to 1,050°C (1,742 to 1,922°F) preferably at temperature of 980°C (1,796°F). Workpieces of less than 3 mm (0.12 in) thickness can be cooled down using air nozzles. The workpiece has to be put into the pre-heated furnace. The furnace should be heated up to the maximum annealing temperature. The cleanliness requirements listed under ‘Heating’ must be complied with. | |
| Hot forming | VDM® Alloy 625 may be hot worked in the temperature range 1,150 to 900°C (2,100 to 1,650°F) with subsequent rapid cooling down in water or by using air. The workpieces should be placed in the furnace heated to hot working temperature in order to heat up. Once the hot working temperature has been reached again, a retention time of 60 minutes for each 100 mm (4 in) of workpiece thickness is recommended. Afterwards, workpieces should be removed immediately and formed during the stated temperature window. If the material temperature falls to 950°C (1,742°F), the workpiece must be reheated. Heat treatment after hot working is recommended in order to achieve optimum microstructure and corrosion resistance. | |
| Other | VDM® Alloy 625 has a face-centered cubic lattice. | |
| Welding | VDM® Alloy 625 can be joined by all conventional welding processes. These include GTAW (TIG), TIG hot wire, plasma arc, GMAW (MIG/MAG) and MAG-Tandem, submerged arc welding and SMAW (MMA). For welding, VDM® Alloy 625 should be in the soft or solution annealed condition and be free from scale, grease and markings. Pulsed arc welding is the preferred technique. For the MAG process the use of a multi-component shielding gas (Ar + He + H2 + CO2) is recommended. When welding roots, sufficient protection of the root needs to be ensured with pure argon (Ar 4.6) so that the welding seam is free of oxides after welding. Root backing is also recommended for the first intermediate pass following the initial root pass and in some cases even for the second pass, depending on the weld set-up. Any discoloration/heat tint should be removed preferably by brushing with a stainless steel wire brush while the weld metal is still hot. | |