General
Property | Temperature | Value |
---|---|---|
Density | 23.0 °C | 8.5 g/cm³ Show Supplier Material materials with Density of 8.5 g/cm³ |
Mechanical
Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Elastic modulus | 20.0 °C | 179 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 179 GPa | |
100.0 °C | 178 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 178 GPa | ||
200.0 °C | 176 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 176 GPa | ||
300.0 °C | 173 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 173 GPa | ||
400.0 °C | 168 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 168 GPa | ||
500.0 °C | 164 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 164 GPa | ||
600.0 °C | 162 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 162 GPa | ||
700.0 °C | 158 GPa Show Supplier Material materials with Elastic modulus of 158 GPa | ||
Elongation | 23.0 °C | 24 % Show Supplier Material materials with Elongation of 24 % | Typical mechanical properties |
Impact strength, Charpy notched | 23.0 °C | 680 kJ/m² Show Supplier Material materials with Impact strength, Charpy notched of 680 kJ/m² | Typical mechanical properties |
Tensile strength | 20.0 °C | 1100 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 1100 MPa | |
100.0 °C | 1040 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 1040 MPa | ||
200.0 °C | 1020 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 1020 MPa | ||
300.0 °C | 980 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 980 MPa | ||
400.0 °C | 890 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 890 MPa | ||
500.0 °C | 750 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 750 MPa | ||
600.0 °C | 620 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Tensile strength of 620 MPa | ||
Yield strength Rp0.2 | 20.0 °C | 690 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 690 MPa | Typical mechanical properties |
100.0 °C | 670 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 670 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
200.0 °C | 640 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 640 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
300.0 °C | 620 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 620 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
400.0 °C | 600 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 600 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
500.0 °C | 570 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 570 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
600.0 °C | 490 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp0.2 of 490 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
Yield strength Rp1.0 | 20.0 °C | 1100 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp1.0 of 1100 MPa | Typical mechanical properties |
100.0 °C | 1040 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp1.0 of 1040 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
200.0 °C | 1020 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp1.0 of 1020 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
300.0 °C | 980 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp1.0 of 980 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
400.0 °C | 890 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp1.0 of 890 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
500.0 °C | 750 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp1.0 of 750 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
600.0 °C | 620 MPa Show Supplier Material materials with Yield strength Rp1.0 of 620 MPa | Typical mechanical properties | |
Thermal
Property | Temperature | Value |
---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | -130.0 °C | 1.23E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.23E-5 1/K |
100.0 °C | 1.37E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.37E-5 1/K | |
200.0 °C | 1.46E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.46E-5 1/K | |
300.0 °C | 1.49E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.49E-5 1/K | |
400.0 °C | 1.52E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.52E-5 1/K | |
500.0 °C | 1.55E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.55E-5 1/K | |
600.0 °C | 1.6E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.6E-5 1/K | |
700.0 °C | 1.66E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.66E-5 1/K | |
800.0 °C | 1.7E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.7E-5 1/K | |
900.0 °C | 1.75E-5 1/K Show Supplier Material materials with Coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.75E-5 1/K | |
Specific heat capacity | -130.0 °C | 323 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 323 J/(kg·K) |
20.0 °C | 420 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 420 J/(kg·K) | |
100.0 °C | 454 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 454 J/(kg·K) | |
200.0 °C | 480 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 480 J/(kg·K) | |
300.0 °C | 491 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 491 J/(kg·K) | |
400.0 °C | 500 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 500 J/(kg·K) | |
500.0 °C | 517 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 517 J/(kg·K) | |
600.0 °C | 538 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 538 J/(kg·K) | |
700.0 °C | 567 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 567 J/(kg·K) | |
800.0 °C | 613 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 613 J/(kg·K) | |
900.0 °C | 685 J/(kg·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Specific heat capacity of 685 J/(kg·K) | |
Thermal conductivity | -130.0 °C | 13.3 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 13.3 W/(m·K) |
20.0 °C | 17.4 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 17.4 W/(m·K) | |
100.0 °C | 19.4 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 19.4 W/(m·K) | |
200.0 °C | 20.9 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 20.9 W/(m·K) | |
300.0 °C | 25.1 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 25.1 W/(m·K) | |
400.0 °C | 27.8 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 27.8 W/(m·K) | |
500.0 °C | 30.5 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 30.5 W/(m·K) | |
600.0 °C | 33.1 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 33.1 W/(m·K) | |
700.0 °C | 35.7 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 35.7 W/(m·K) | |
800.0 °C | 37.4 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 37.4 W/(m·K) | |
900.0 °C | 41.2 W/(m·K) Show Supplier Material materials with Thermal conductivity of 41.2 W/(m·K) | |
Electrical
Property | Temperature | Value |
---|---|---|
Electrical resistivity | 20.0 °C | 6.1E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.1E-7 Ω·m |
100.0 °C | 6.2E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.2E-7 Ω·m | |
200.0 °C | 6.3E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.3E-7 Ω·m | |
300.0 °C | 6.5E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.5E-7 Ω·m | |
400.0 °C | 6.5E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.5E-7 Ω·m | |
500.0 °C | 6.5E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.5E-7 Ω·m | |
600.0 °C | 6.6E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.6E-7 Ω·m | |
700.0 °C | 6.6E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.6E-7 Ω·m | |
800.0 °C | 6.7E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.7E-7 Ω·m | |
900.0 °C | 6.8E-7 Ω·m Show Supplier Material materials with Electrical resistivity of 6.8E-7 Ω·m | |
Magnetic
Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Curie temperature | -135 °C Show Supplier Material materials with Curie temperature of -135 °C | Typical material property in solution annealed condition, Solution annealed and age hardened: -100°C | |
Relative magnetic permeability | 23.0 °C | 1 [-] Show Supplier Material materials with Relative magnetic permeability of 1 [-] | max. |
Chemical properties
Property | Value | Comment |
---|---|---|
Aluminium | 2.3 - 3.15 % Show Supplier Material materials with Aluminium of 2.3 - 3.15 % | |
Carbon | 0.18 % Show Supplier Material materials with Carbon of 0.18 % | max. |
Copper | 27 - 33 % Show Supplier Material materials with Copper of 27 - 33 % | |
Iron | 0.5 - 2 % Show Supplier Material materials with Iron of 0.5 - 2 % | |
Lead | 6E-3 % Show Supplier Material materials with Lead of 6E-3 % | max. |
Manganese | 1.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Manganese of 1.5 % | max. |
Nickel | 63 % Show Supplier Material materials with Nickel of 63 % | min. |
Phosphorus | 0.02 % Show Supplier Material materials with Phosphorus of 0.02 % | max. |
Silicon | 0.5 % Show Supplier Material materials with Silicon of 0.5 % | max. |
Sulfur | 0.01 % Show Supplier Material materials with Sulfur of 0.01 % | max. |
Tin | 6E-3 % Show Supplier Material materials with Tin of 6E-3 % | max. |
Titanium | 0.35 - 0.85 % Show Supplier Material materials with Titanium of 0.35 - 0.85 % | |
Zinc | 0.02 % Show Supplier Material materials with Zinc of 0.02 % | max. |
Technological properties
Property | ||
---|---|---|
Application areas | VDM® Alloy K-500 is used in sea water, offshore engineering, in the chemical process and petrochemicals industry and shipbuilding. Typical applications are: Valve seals, pump sleeves and wearing rings in sea water, pump shafts and propeller shafts, mounting elements and fasteners, e.g. bolts in sea air and splash water zones, tug rope armoring, springs, components of drilling equipment in the oil industry, aircraft instrument components. | |
Cold Forming | Cold forming should be conducted on annealed material. VDM® Alloy K-500 has similar forming and strain hardening properties as austenitic stainless steels. This must be taken into account during design and selection of forming tools and equipment and during the planning of forming processes. To achieve a high strength, a combination of cold forming with subsequent age hardening is an option. | |
Corrosion properties | The corrosion resistance of VDM® Alloy K-500 is generally equivalent to that of VDM® Alloy 400. The alloy proves excellent resistance against many media, from pure water to highly concentrated salt solutions and alkalis. VDM® Alloy K-500 is virtually immune against stress corrosion cracking induced by chloric ions. In the age hardened condition, the material can be sensitive to stress corrosion cracking in hot hydrofluoric acid vapor under tensions near the yield strength. In fast-flowing seawater and in sea air, good resistance is proven but in hardly moving or standing sea water, pitting can occur. VDM® Alloy K-500 is also very resistant against acid gas media. | |
General machinability | VDM® Alloy K-500 is preferably processed in the annealed condition. The best results in terms of the surface quality of the finished product are achieved, however, by pre-treatment before age hardening and finishing after age hardening. Age hardened material can undergo a heat treatment for the purpose of tension compensation after the finishing. Since the alloy has a tendency to strain hardening, a low cutting speed should be selected and the cutting tool should stay engaged at all times. An adequate chip depth is important in order to cut below a previously formed strain-hardened zone. Optimum heat dissipation through the use of large quantities of suitable, preferably aqueous, lubricants has con-siderable influence on a stable machining process. | |
Heat Treatment | Annealing is conducted in the temperature range from 850 to 1,000°C (1,562 to 1,832°F) with retention times between 3 and 5 minutes per mm thickness and preferably in 980°C (1,796°F). Temperatures above 1,000°C (1,832°F) are not recommendable because strong grain growth can occur. Cooling down in water or accelerated cooling down in the air with thicknesses of less than 3 mm (0.12 in) or diameters of less than 12.5 mm (0.49 in) is recommendable and important so to avoid precipitations. The tension compensation achieved by retention times of 1 to 2 hours at 300 to 350°C (572 to 662°F) with subsequent cooling down in the air is necessary to remove the tension concentration from material that has been machined before the age hardening. The tension compensation is also recommendable for material that contains tensions from the cold forming after the last heat treatment, e.g. for straightening. | |
Hot forming | VDM® K-500 can be hot-formed in a temperature range from 900 to 1,150°C (1,652 to 2,102°F) with subsequent rapid cooling down in water. Cooling down in the air can cause age hardening and then lead to cracks when the material is heated up again. After the hot forming, annealing between 850 and 900°C (1,562 and 1,652°F) with subsequent water quenching is recommendable for compensating tensions and any mixed microstructure. The subsequent deformation should be at least 25 % and be implemented below 1,050°C (1,922°F) to achieve an optimal toughness. | |
Other | VDM® Alloy K-500 has a face-centered cubic lattice. In the age hardened condition, the γ’ phase is precipitated. | |
Welding | The material can be welded using all conventional methods: GTAW (TIG), GTAW (TIG) hot wire, plasma, MIG and submerged arc welding. The material should be in its solution-annealed condition for welding, and should be free of scale, grease and markings. Application of the impulse technique is preferable in gas-shielded metal welding processes. When welding the root, care should be taken to achieve best quality root protection using pure argon (argon 4.6), so that the welding edge is free from oxides after welding the root. Root protection is also recommended for the first and, in certain cases depending on the welded construction, also for the second intermediate layer weld after root welding. Any heat tint must be removed, preferably using a stainless steel brush, while the welding edge is still hot. The interpass temperature should be max. 120°C (248°F). After the welding and before the age hardening, it is recommended to anneal the components between 850°C and 900°C (1,562 to 1,652°F) with subsequent cooling down as quickly as possible. |